Healthy Behavior for Elementary School (SDN Kalisalak Batang)

little doctors training

Biologically, a child (children) is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. The legal definition of child generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority.

Child may also describe a relationship with a parent (such as sons and daughters of any age) or, metaphorically, an authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties"

Cleanliness is one of the key factors for maintaining health, hygiene unfortunately it is rarely used as a priority value to be imparted to children from an early age in the family and at school. Actually clean habits in adulthood, is determined by the clean living habits since childhood. Therefore, educate and instill the concept of clean healthy for children should be started at an early age. Introducing the concept of early hygiene means since newborns are introduced to the concept of clean living. Parents, always trying to keep the body and the baby's clothes. Thus, the infant gradually child will be familiar with the concept of clean and feel uncomfortable if the environment is dirty. Furthermore, at the age of five a child who has been able to communicate well and maybe a bit much can be given various interpretations by the argument, then the concept of cleanliness that you want can be taught with communication while playing and others.

Familiarize clean living family has various advantages, such as: the whole family will be healthy and avoid the various diseases that arise because of a lifestyle that is not clean. For example: a person can suffer from diarrhea just because lazy to wash hands before taking food or let the food is not covered or treated in a way that is not hygienic. Likewise with used clothing, should be washed every day because of dirty clothes is where the growth and development of fungi that can cause a variety of skin diseases. And skin diseases in children, usually the recovery will take quite a long time because the child usually cannot resist the urge to scratch excessively itchy skin.

Here are some ways to maintain cleanliness bodies of children everyday:

1.      Bathe your toddler with soap 2 (two) times a day.

2.      Wash your hair with shampoo toddler at least 3 (three) times a week.

3.      Make it a habit to wash your toddler hands with soap before eating, after urinating, after defecating and after playing.

4.      Keep your toddler's ear.

5.      Soon fingernail clippers and your toddler toenails if started long.

6.      Teach your toddler and make it a habit to defecate and urinate in the toilet.

7.      Always keep clothing, toys and bedding used by the child.

8.      Always keep the cleanliness of food, drinks and a place that used to serve it.

on Februari 2015 school event.

Elementary School (SDN Kalisalak Batang) as a primary school who pay attention to hygiene education students, the school held a little physician activities for students. This activity is supported by a Batang-III health centers by sending doctors and health professionals to guide students in practice healthy habits.

health professional guide student in healthy habbit

student practical in healthy habbit

teaching a healthy habbit

little doctors meeting

practical in healthy habbit

Practical in claning tooths

MAKE OUR HOMES GREEN, COMFORTABLE AND HEALTHY

Global warming is the current rise in the average temperature of Earth's oceans and atmosphere. The scientific consensus is that global warming is occurring and was initiated by human activities, especially those that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. This finding is recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries and is not rejected by any scientific body of national or international standing.

An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events including heatwaves, droughts and heavy rainfall events, species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain. In a 4°C world, the limits for human adaptation are likely to be exceeded in many parts of the world, while the limits for adaptation for natural systems would largely be exceeded throughout the world. Hence, the ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend would not be preserved.

The Kyoto Protocol is aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a "dangerous anthropogenic interference". As of May 2010, 192 states had ratified the protocol. The only members of the UNFCCC that were asked to sign the treaty but have not yet ratified it are the USA and Afghanistan. Proposed responses to global warming include mitigation to reduce emissions, adaptation to the effects of global warming, and geoengineering to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reflect incoming solar radiation back to space. According to a recent Gallup poll, people in most countries are more likely to attribute global warming to human activities than to natural causes. The major exception is the U.S., where nearly half the US population attributes global warming to natural causes despite overwhelming scientific opinion to the contrary.

Need Green Houses initiated

Green homes have high economic value, though not require expensive. Indonesia's traditional house has environmentally friendly design as well as cheaper.

This was conveyed Energy Efficiency Design and Architecture Engineer Tri Harso Karyono on Media Meeting with Occupancy with Integrated Green Concept on Mercantile Club Tamara Building, Jalan Sudirman Jakarta, Monday, March 23, 2009.

According to Tri, green housing does not mean expensive. Green residential architecture relies on environmentally friendly causing minimal waste. "The design extreme home Bali and Bedui," he said.

Actually, the green house is not a very difficult and expensive, but most local designers and architects have not much to know, so ignored. In addition to the use of solar power, which is quite expensive, traditional houses adopt housing may be implemented in regular housing.

Tri said, the development of green areas will benefit all parties, not only for homeowners but also for the environment and the government.

He said the government needs to step in green housing provision as set by the government of Scotland. "In Scotland the developer who claims the concept of green, but the reality could not be arrested," he said.

Tri judge, the government is too slow to apply the rules needed some regions. Big cities like Jakarta, which affected the risk of contamination is quite large, green housing needs is essential.

Chairman, Department of Environmental Health of Public Health Faculty on University of Indonesia Budi Haryanto said, environmentally friendly residential areas should be supported and the device that is also environmentally friendly.

Mass transport to reduce energy wastage. Similarly, by expanding the accessibility of pedestrian green housing to reduce the use of transport cause pollution. "But most of that happening now can only be designed residential design with private transport," he said.

Budi said the green housing concept education process must be done from the level of government until the executor (contractor). Because, often the contractor doing the construction of polluting the environment.

Examples of fact, the construction of septic tanks should have good air-tight and usually must be drained in three years. "Contractors are often built of brick septic tank where the water is seeping into the ground. so the time drain up to 7 years. Education to these bad contractors are often loose, "said Budi.

The concept of Energy Efficient Houses

A company in the United States succeeded in developing an energy efficient home. The concept of home is called Enertia Building System (www.enertia.com) can maintain the condition of the home stay warm in winter and stay cool in summer. Both day and night, the air inside the house can stay comfortably without having to spend fuel for heating or electricity for air conditioning.
An air flow and access channel, or Envelope, runs around the building, just inside the walls - creating a miniature biosphere. Here solar heated air circulates, pumping and boosting geothermal energy from beneath the house, storing it in the massive wood walls. Thermal inertia causes the house to "float" between the cycles of night and day, and even between the seasons.

references:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming
http://bisnis.vivanews.com/news/read/43159-rumah_hijau_perlu_mulai_dirintis
www.enertia.com

Dengue Fever : How to Prevent

Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Typical symptoms include fever, headache, a characteristic morbilliform skin rash, and muscle and joint pains; in a small proportion the disease progresses to life-threatening complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (which may lead to severe bleeding) and dengue shock syndrome (where inadequate perfusion of tissues can cause organ dysfunction or failure and even death).
Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the Aedes genus, particularly A. aegypti. The virus exists in four different types, and an infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. There is currently no available vaccine, but measures to reduce the habitat and the number of mosquitoes, and limiting exposure to bites, are used to decrease the incidence of dengue.
Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease, and intravenous fluids and blood transfusion for more severe cases. The incidence of dengue fever has increased dramatically over the last 50 years, with around 50–100 million people being infected yearly. Dengue is currently endemic in more than 110 countries. Early descriptions of the condition date from 1779, and its viral cause and the transmission were elucidated in the early 20th century. Dengue has become a worldwide problem since the Second World War.

Clinical course

The characteristic symptoms of dengue are: a sudden-onset fever, headache (typically behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash; the alternative name for dengue, "break-bone fever", comes from the associated muscle and joints pains. The course of infection is divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery.
The febrile phase involves high fevers, frequently over 40 °C (104 °F) and associated with generalized pain and a headache; this usually lasts 2–7 days. Flushed skin and some small red spots called petechiae, which are caused by broken capillaries, may occur at this point, as may some mild bleeding from mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.
The critical phase, if it occurs, follows the resolution of the high fever and typically lasts one to two days. During this phase there may be significant fluid accumulation in the chest and abdominal cavity due to increased capillary permeability and leakage. This leads to depletion of fluid from the circulation and decreased blood supply to vital organs. During this phase, organ dysfunction and severe bleeding (typically from the gastrointestinal tract) may occur. Shock and hemorrhage occur in less than 5% of all cases of dengue but those who have previously been infected with other serotypes of dengue virus ("secondary infection") have an increased risk of this.
The recovery phase occurs next, with resorption of the leaked fluid into the bloodstream. This usually occurs over a period of two to three days. The improvement is often striking, but there may be severe itching and a slow heart rate. It is during this stage that a fluid overload state may occur, which if it affects the brain may reduce the level of consciousness or cause seizures.
Management
There are no specific treatments for the dengue fever virus. Treatment depends on the symptoms, varying from oral rehydration therapy at home with close follow-up, to hospital admission with administration of intravenous fluids and/or blood transfusion. A decision for hospital admission is typically based on the presence of the "warning signs" listed in the table above, especially in those with preexisting health conditions.
Intravenous hydration is usually only needed for one or two days. The rate of fluid administration is titrated to a urinary output of 0.5–1 mL/kg/hr, stable vital signs and normalization of hematocrit. Invasive medical procedures such as nasogastric intubation, intramuscular injections and arterial punctures are avoided, in view of the bleeding risk. Acetaminophen may be used for fever and discomfort while NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin are avoided as they might aggravate the risk of bleeding. Blood transfusion is initiated early in patients presenting with unstable vital signs in the face of a decreasing hematocrit, rather than waiting for the hemoglobin concentration to decrease to some predetermined "transfusion trigger" level. Packed red blood cells or whole blood are recommended, while platelets and fresh frozen plasma are usually not.
During the recovery phase intravenous fluids are discontinued to prevent a state of fluid overload. If fluid overload occurs and vital signs are stable, stopping further fluid may be all that is needed. If a person is outside of the critical phase, a loop diuretic such as furosemide may be used to eliminate excess fluid from the circulation.

Prevention of Dengue Fever

To prevent dengue, mosquito transmission (Aedes aegypti) must be eliminated, because vacsin for prevention are not yet available
1) Proper way to eradicate Aedes aegypti mosquito-larvae is to eradicate the breeding grounds.
2) Therefore there breeding grounds in homes and public places, then every family should regularly carry out environmental hygiene at least once a week
3) Bathtub drain at least 1 week
4) Seal water reservoirs
5) Replace vase water / water plants once a week
6) Changing the drinking water of birds
7) Hoarding used goods that can hold water
8) Sowing Abete powder or altosid in places that are difficult drained water reservoirs or in areas with clean water scarce, so we need rainwater
Abate dose: 1 tablespoon pressed (+ 10 grams) to 100 liters of water
Altosid dose: 1 / 4 teaspoon pressed (+ 2.5 grams) to 100 liters
9) Keeping fish in places where water reservoirs
10) fogging with mosquito killer drug in mosquito breeding. required to kill adult mosquitoes

Smoking: A Bad Habit

Clean and Healthy Behavior, which became the basic needs of public health degrees, one of its aspects is "not a family member who smokes. "
A cigarette (French: "small cigar", from cigare + -ette) is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives.
Each time you inhale cigarette smoke, whether intentionally or not, it means also suck more than 4,000 kinds of toxins! Therefore, smoking the same by including the toxins were into the oral cavity and lungs of course. Smoking harm the health, the fact is we can not deny. Many diseases have proven to be harmful effects of smoking, either directly or indirectly. The smoking habit is not only detrimental to the smoker, but also for those around.
Currently the number of smokers, especially adolescent smokers continue to grow, particularly in developing countries. This situation is a serious challenge for efforts to improve community health status. Even the world health organization (WHO) has warned that in the decade from 2020 to 2030 tobacco will kill 10 million people per year, 70% of them occur in developing countries.

Through resolution 1983, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set 31 May as World Tobacco Free Day every year.

Dangers of smoking to health body has been researched and proven by many people. Adverse effects of smoking was already known for certain. Many studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of various diseases. Such as heart disease and blood vessel disorders, lung cancer, oral cavity cancer, laryngeal cancer, osefagus cancer, bronchitis, high blood pressure, impotence, and pregnancy disorders and defects in the fetus.

Recent research also shows the dangers of secondhand-smoke, that cigarette smoke inhaled by people for non-smokers around smokers, or commonly referred to as passive smokers.

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

Cigarettes must not be separated from raw materials of manufacture, namely tobacco. In Indonesia, tobacco plus clove and other ingredients are mixed to make clove cigarettes. Besides cigarettes, tobacco can also be used as hand-rolled cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, tobacco pipes, and smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or chewing tobacco).

Gas component of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide, ammonia, acid hidrosianat, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde. Particle form of tar, indole, nicotine, karbarzol, and cresol. These substances are toxic, irritating, and cause cancer (carcinogens).

Nicotine

Substances most frequently discussed and researched people, poison the body's nerves, increase blood pressure, cause constriction of peripheral blood vessels, and cause addiction and dependence on the wearer. Levels of 4-6 mg of nicotine inhaled by adults every day can make a person addicted. In the United States, white cigarettes on the market had higher levels of 8-10 mg of nicotine per stem, while in Indonesia, 17 mg nicotine yield per stem.

BLACK LEAD (Pb)

Lead generated by a cigarette of 0.5 ug. A packet of cigarettes (20 cigarettes contents) which sucked out in one day will generate 10 ug. While the danger threshold of lead that enters the body is 20 mcg per day. It is conceivable, when a heavy smoker smoked an average of 2 packs of cigarettes per day, how many of these harmful substances into the body!

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon Monoxide has a strong tendency to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Supposedly, this hemoglobin binds with oxygen which is essential for respiration of body cells, but because the CO gas is stronger than oxygen, the CO gas is captured place "in the" hemoglobin. Be, hemoglobin coupled with CO gas. CO gas levels in the blood of nonsmokers is less than 1 percent, while the blood of smokers to reach 4-15 percent. Many times over!

TAR

Tar is a collection of thousands of chemicals in the solid component of cigarette smoke, and is a carcinogen. At the time of cigarettes smoked, the tar into the oral cavity as a dense vapor. Once cool, it will become solid and form a brown precipitate on the surface of the teeth, respiratory tract, and lungs. Precipitation varies between 3-40 mg per cigarette, while the levels of tar in cigarettes range from 24-45 mg.

IMPACT OF THE LUNGS

Smoking can cause changes in the structure and function of airway and lung tissue. In large airways, mucous cells enlarge (hypertrophy) and mucus gland multiply (hyperplasia). In small airways, there was mild inflammation due to increased cell constriction and mucus buildup. In lung tissue, an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and damage to the alveoli.

Due to changes in the anatomy of the airways, in smokers there will be changes in lung function with all kinds of clinical symptoms. This became the main basis of the occurrence of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (PPOM). It says smoking is the leading cause of occurrence of PPOM, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer have been studied in 4-5 decades. Found a strong association between cigarette smoking, particularly cigarettes, with the incidence of lung cancer. Some even expressly stated that the cigarettes as the main cause of lung cancer.

Cigarette smoke particles, such as benzopiren, dibenzopiren, and urethane, known as a carcinogen. Tar is also associated with risk of cancer. Compared with nonsmokers, the possibility arises of lung cancer in smokers reach 10-30 times more frequently.

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Smoking is proven to be the biggest risk factor for sudden death.

The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 2-4 times in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that smoking risk factors work synergistically with other factors, such as hypertension, fat content or high blood sugar, against the outbreak of coronary heart disease.

Please note that the risk of death from coronary heart disease decreases by 50 percent in the first year after smoking was stopped. As a result of clotting (thrombosis) and calcification (atherosclerosis), blood vessel walls, smoking would obviously damage the blood vessels peripheral.

STROKE

Blockage of blood vessels of the brain that are sudden or stroke associated with smoking a lot. Risk of stroke and death risk higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

In a study conducted in the United States and Britain, found smoking habits increase the likelihood of the emergence of AIDS in people with HIV. In the group of smokers, AIDS arise on average in 8.17 months, whereas in the group of nonsmokers arise after 14.5 months. The decline in smokers become immune trigger more easily exposed to AIDS so that quitting smoking is important in defense measures against AIDS.

Now more and more studied and reported adverse effect of smoking on pregnant women, impotence, decreased immune individuals, including in people with viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal cancer, and others. From the point of health economics, the impact of diseases caused by smoking would certainly add to the cost, both for individuals, families, corporations, even countries.

Diseases caused by smoking affects the provision of manpower, especially skilled workers or executive staff, with sudden death or disability arising obvious cause big losses for the company. Decrease in labor productivity raises the company's earnings decline, also the economic burden is not small for individuals and families. Expenditures for health care costs increase, families, corporations, and government.

SMOKING HABIT

It's supposed efforts to stop smoking is the duty and responsibility of all levels of society. Business information and counseling, particularly among the younger generation, can also be associated with narcotics hazard mitigation efforts, the business school health, and public health education in general.

Community role model figures, including officials, religious leaders, teachers, health workers, artists, and sportsmen, it is fitting to set an example by not smoking. It should also limit the opportunity to smoke in public places, schools, public transport, and workplace; regulation and control of cigarette promotional advertising; put health warnings on cigarette packs and cigarette advertising.

Climate not smoking should be created. This should be implemented simultaneously by all of us, who wants the achievement of the Indonesian nation state and a healthy and prosperous.

GATE DRUG

Chronicles of the most serious result from the use of nicotine is addictive. Once a person becomes a smoker, it will be difficult to end the practice both physically and psychologically. Smoking becomes a compulsive habit, starting with the ceremonial lighting a cigarette and exhaled smoke is done repeatedly.

Because the addictive nature (making a person become addicted to) cigarette in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) are grouped into Nicotine Related Disorders. While the WHO classify it as a form of addiction. Pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction similar to the process that causes addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.

Nicotine has a characteristic affect brain dopamine with the same process as these drugs. In order properties of psychoactive substance addiction, nicotine addiction is more cause than heroin, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine and marijuana. According to Flemming, Glyn and Ershler smoking is an early stage to become abusers of drugs (drug abuse). Try smoking is significantly open opportunities using illegal drugs in the future.

STOP SMOKING

Several reasons to stop smoking

1. Impotence

Smoking reduces the blood flow needed to achieve a state of erection. Because it tersebutlah cigarettes can affect penile erection days.

2. Facial wrinkles

Smoking can reduce the flow of oxygen and nutrients needed by your skin cells constrict blood vessels around the face. So that will cause wrinkles.

3. Stained teeth and bad breath.

Particles from cigarette smoke can give yellow to brown spots on your teeth, and this will also trap odor-producing bacteria in your mouth. Abnormalities of the gums and tooth loss are also more common in smokers.

4. You and around 'the smell.

Cigarette smoking has an unpleasant smell and stick to everything, from your skin and hair to clothes and items around you. And the smell is absolutely not an appetizing couples and friends.

5. Brittle bones

Numerous studies have found an association between smoking and osteoporosis in men and women. A study looked at cases of hip fracture in elderly women, and concluded that one of the 8 cases of fractures were caused by loss of bone mass caused by smoking.

6. Depression

Some scientists consider cigarettes contain substances that can cause an increase in mood. Substance is what usually implies reduced when a person suffers from depression. That is also the reason why people who are stressed or depressed tend to seek 'escape' to the cigarette.

7. A bad role model for children.

Every day, dliperkirakan 3000 children in the U.S. who become addicted to smoking cigarettes. If they keep smoking, 1,000 of them will surely die from diseases related to smoking.

8. Fire

if you're careless, when smoking fixation and throw cigarette butts are still burning to any place can cause a fire.

9. Poor blood circulation

Red blood cells have been designed by nature to carry oxygen throughout the body. In smokers, the oxygen molecule is replaced by a component of cigarette smoke, preventing the transport of oxygen is essential for cell life.

10. Impressed stupid

If smokers defend its dependence, there is one truth that they could not deny: Like the slogan says, smoking is a killer. so, if there are those who continue the habit, it would look stupid.

STOP SMOKING STRATEGY

Here are strategies you can use to quit smoking:

1. Plan a time to stop

Plan when you will quit smoking for good. The timing may be just the next few days or 2 weeks. By the day quit smoking, you reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

2. Drugs

Drugs to help reduce the symptoms of quitting smoking until the worst effects exceeded. You have a choice of either drugs or drug under a doctor's prescription over-the-counter (without prescription). Discuss these options with your doctor.

3. Help yourself

In planning and maintaining your desire to stop smoking, find information about smoking and disease caused by a variety of trusted sources like the American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the local sites such as Indonesia Cancer Foundation, Heart Foundation of Indonesia, the Committee National Smoking Control Problems. Help yourself with the information that convinced you to stay away from cigarettes after quitting smoking.

4. Support groups

Whether you meet online or a support group. Seek support from people who are also trying to quit smoking.

5. Counseling

Counselling is a meeting face to face with a trusted physician, psychologist, nurse or counselor. The forum will discuss what are the things that hinder you to stop smoking and ways to overcome them.

6. Cold turkey

It is a strategy to quit smoking immediately. If you choose cold turkey then you will experience symptoms of tobacco withdrawal symptoms, like all people who quit smoking as impatient (restlessness), increased appetite, irritability.

It is recommended that you seek help when you quit smoking, whether it be support or treatment.

7. Sports

Exercise will help you cope with stress and weight increase after you quit smoking.

8. Invite a Friend / Family

Ask a friend or family member who did not smoke to provide their time if you are experiencing difficult times.

9. Alternative Therapy

Some smokers try hypnosis or acupuncture methods to help them quit smoking, although not much is proven successful. However, if the method is to make you stop smoking, it means that matches your method.

To quit smoking, you need a personal approach. What works for others may not be successful in your

Outbreaks of Insects: Caterpillars Attack of Probolinggo Population and Surrounding Villages

From : http://news.okezone.com (March 28, 2011)

Outbreaks of caterpillar in Probolinggo - Thousands of caterpillars attacking Probolinggo, East Java, even up to about 10 villages in Probolinggo who get an attack of this caterpillar. Caterpillars of this feather that fell from the trees because the leaves are out and eventually broke into the homes residents. Residents feel very anxious about the outbreak of caterpillars in Probolinggo who attacked their village. There have been many residents who become victims of this hair caterpillars, many of which suffer from the itching that is caused by caterpillar hairs are poisonous. Flying feathers attached to the skin it will cause intense itching of torture. Citizens expect local government to intervene to overcome problems such caterpillars.

One of the interviewed residents who had had time to comment, he must clean the house from plague of caterpillars is at least 2 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon. Because the residents do not want the worm into the house, so they must be willing to clean up its own garden walls and even those who have thousands of these caterpillars. They clean sweep by the caterpillars are then burn it, so that the caterpillar hairs are not flying around and making people itch.

SURABAYA - Efforts to eradicate caterpillars that attack Probolinggo seems to have reached its climax. Because the Agriculture Department said the East Java overwhelmed spraying pesticides to eradicate the caterpillars in Probolinggo.

"Spraying pesticides already on the threshold of economic value. Because of the scope of the affected area was too broad," said Wibowo Eko Putro Head of East Java Agricultural Department when contacted www.okezone.com, on Saturday (April, 2 2011).

Wibowo said, to control caterpillars in Probolinggo can not solely rely on spraying alone. Because the scope is too broad, so if you have to do the spraying of the cost involved would be enormous.

Preferably, said Wibowo to areas that have not been attacked by caterpillars, it is suggested that cleaning up the environment around the mango tree.

"One way is to burn the dirt around the mango tree to maintain damp. Because of this damp areas suitable for development of caterpillars," said Wiboowo.
Insect Expert: Attack Worm Feather Not Dangerous
PROBOLINGGO-attack hundreds of thousands of caterpillars in 60 villages in several districts in Probolinggo, East Java, in the past week are not considered dangerous, but the caterpillar hairs can cause itching. Powerful way to eradicate the caterpillars are quite environmentally friendly insecticide spraying so as not to endanger the environment and surrounding residents.

According to Dr Kismiyati, entomologis from Airlangga University Surabaya, now that attacks caterpillars Probolinggo residents have been examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya.

The lecturer of faculty of veterinary students assisted with laboratory tests caterpillars obtained from Probolinggo that had been made anxious residents.

While laboratory results showed that caterpillars attacked dozens of villages in Probolinggo is a type of caterpillar that ordinary and harmless. Next caterpillar will become a butterfly. Due to erratic weather butterfly growth becomes too late.

Kismiyati said the caterpillars like to stick to the mango tree and citizens must be vigilant despite Bulut caterpillars are harmless because the caterpillar hairs can cause itching if contact with skin.
Various kinds of ways to anticipate pest caterpillars in eight districts in Probolinggo, East Java. One was done by spread of bird of prey caterpillars.

The release of thousands of birds of prey caterpillars was carried out by dozens of citizens who care about the environment in Probolinggo. They release thousands of birds from the square Probolinggo.

Monitoring at the site on Sunday (03/04/2011), approximately a thousand birds of prey predatory caterpillar species Cendet, Kutilang, Pipit, Ulak-Ulak and Cekrucuk released the environmentalists activists.

The purpose of the release of predatory birds of prey caterpillars is to inhibit the development of caterpillar populations in recent attacks in eight districts in the area of Probolinggo.

This caterpillar pest caused damage to natural ecosystems that result in insect populations are not balanced. A number of related offices such as how to do the spraying caterpillars but not much help.

Development Planning Procedures for Public Toilets (Bathing, Washing, Toilet)

Indonesian National Standards
SNI 03-2399-2002
(REVISED SNI 03-2399-1991)

SCOPE:
This ordinance covers, the requirements that apply to indoor toilet facilities are located in dense residential location, with maximum usage load 200 people.

SUMMARY:
The procedure is intended as a guide for planners and implementers in building public toilets. Public toilets are public facilities that is shared by several families for bathing, washing and toilet location of settlements with a population with moderate to high density (300-500 persons / ha).
General requirements Toilets divided into 3 (three), namely: a. Public toilets development plan (location, number of users, clean water system, waste water disposal systems); b. ability of facilities management; c. Water management of waste from toilets and public toilets should be treated before disposal so as not to pollute water, air and land in settlements.
For the capacity of services, all in one room can accommodate a service at the time (hours) and number of the busiest room in every single unit restroom for a certain number of users listed in the table and sample layouts toilets can be seen in the images in this ordinance. Building Materials for public toilets, the material can be used are: local building materials; ease of providers of building materials, easy to implement, can be accepted by the user community. Alternative use of building materials for building latrines can be selected from tabil 2, in this ordinance. Terms bathroom includes floor area of at least 1.2 m2 (1.0 mx 1.2 m) and made no slippery slope toward the hole with the disposal of approximately 1%.; Door, size: width 0.6 to 0.8 and at least 1.6 m. high; bath / shower water container vessel equipped to scoop. Facility washrooms, minimum floor area of 2.40 m2 (1.20 m x 2.0 m) and made no slippery slope toward the hole where the disposal of approximately 1%; Places crush clothing made by squatting or standing, high-place crush clothing by standing 0.75 m above the floor with at least size 0.60 m x 0.80 m.

The Importance Of Toilets To Public Health

A toilet is a plumbing fixture primarily intended for the disposal of human excreta: urine and fecal matter. Additionally, vomit and menstrual waste are sometimes disposed of in toilets in some societies. The word toilet describes the fixture and, especially in British English, the room containing the fixture. In American English, the latter is euphemistically called a restroom or bathroom. The latter term often describes a room that also contains a bath tub. A room with only a toilet and a sink is sometimes called a half-bathroom, a half bath, or a powder room.

Case in Indonesia
Amid the environmental conditions of dense population, most of the citizens of District west Pademangan, Jakarta still need a public toilet facilities. Because of the 11,959 houses, only 2111 homes already equipped with toilets. Means there are 9848 homes whose residents still rely on public toilets for more than shitting.

Seeing such high demand for public toilets in west Pademangan Village, Mercy Corp. will launch a Community Based Sanitation Program in dense areas and the slums. Pademangan is one of the main pilot project Mercy Corp in this community-based sanitation programs. The first step, Mercy Corp. will build a public toilet in the RW 010 units west Pademangan immediately.

Regarding the poor sanitary conditions of citizens, explained Lurah Pademangan west, Purnomo. He explained, the current population reached 620,902 people with an area of only 353.35 hectares. Means every one square kilometer there are 17,571 inhabitants. "They are scattered in 16 neighborhood (RW)," he told beritajakarta.com, Thursday (6 / 8).

Malang, East Java

The river was still widely used by citizens of Malang for the purposes of bathing, washing and toilet (MCK). Unhealthy living habits are still hard to change because people have become habit for generations. Based on the study Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) or Environmental Health Risk assessments are carried out Bapeko Malang, the habit of MCK in scattered communities in various villages.
15 percent of 57 villages in the city this education, there is still a habit of MCK in rivers and streams. "15 percent of the municipality that uses a public toilet in the river was spread in five districts," explains Head of City Planning, Bapeko, Erik S. Santoso. Among them, in Kedungkandang, Lowokwaru and Buring. This phenomenon also occurs in other regions such as West Malang region.

Erik explained, since there were toilet habits in the river, the question of sanitation is still a serious concern. In addition to the availability of healthy sanitation, clean lifestyle community still needs to be improved. "Based on research, community practice it because it was hereditary. So far there are still people who use the toilets in the river, "said Erik.

In Kedungkandang, some residents claimed to have been accustomed since childhood to use rivers as toilets. A number of residents who met to admit not used in the doctor's health check, but they feel healthy. "So far healthier. No illness. Pollute the environment if I am not sure, because most people still frequent bathing and washing in the river, "said Sunarti, one resident Kedungkandang.

In fact, the habit of using the river for bathing, washing clothes and utensils and toilet, will cause various diseases, especially skin diseases

Solution
Public toilets
Public toilets, public lavatories, or public conveniences are toilets that are accessible to the general public with common access from the street. Conveniences being the collective term for male and female designated toilets, convenience (singular) usually acquiring a gender attribute.

By the Goverment
"The availability of toilets is actually purely personal responsibility of each citizen, not the government. Still, West Bandung regency join the development program to prepare public toilets, as a form of government services to citizens. the cost of each toilet at 15 million rupiah / unit," said Head Environment Housing Infrastructure Sector Department of Work and Spatial Notices, Dani Prianto Hadi in Cipongkor, Sunday (18 / 7).
He said that development assistance for a toilet which was rolled out West Bandung regency, used as a stimulant for the community to build their own toilets. Communities should be made aware how important toilets. The existence of good public toilet is very influential on environmental health.

Whether the Slums Around Us, Would We Care

A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security. According to the United Nations, the percentage of urban dwellers living in slums decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the developing world between 1990 and 2005. However, due to rising population, and the rise especially in urban populations, the number of slum dwellers is rising. One billion people worldwide live in slums and the figure will likely grow to 2 billion by 2030.
The term has traditionally referred to housing areas that were once relatively affluent but which deteriorated as the original dwellers moved on to newer and better parts of the city, but has come to include the vast informal settlements found in cities in the developing world.
Many shack dwellers vigorously oppose the description of their communities as 'slums' arguing that this results in them being pathologised and then, often, subject to threats of evictions. Many academics have vigorously criticized UN-Habitat and the World Bank arguing that their 'Cities Without Slums' Campaign has led directly to a massive increase in forced evictions.
Although their characteristics vary between geographic regions, they are usually inhabited by the very poor or socially disadvantaged. Slum buildings vary from simple shacks to permanent and well-maintained structures. Most slums lack clean water, electricity, sanitation and other basic services

Rain, increase disease in slums
Kampala — DISEASE outbreaks in Kampala's largest slums of Kalerwe and Bwaise are expected to increase as heavy rains caused by climate change become more frequent.
Over the years, global climate has been changing, leading to disruption of weather patterns. It is predicted that temperatures in Uganda will increase further, causing shorter but heavier rain periods.

in the Kibera
Kibera is a slum area outside Nairobi, Kenya and is the same size as New York City's Central Park, about 1.5 square miles. At over 1 million people, the population density is 30 times that of New York City, and Kibera does not have multi-level housing. Most people living in Kibera have little or no access to basic neccessities, such as electricity, clean water, toilet facility and sewage disposal. The combination of poor nutrition and lack of sanitation accounts for many illnesses and deaths. Because of the lack of toilet facilities (1 for every 500-1000 people), two in three residents must use a "flying toilet" to defecate.
There are also over 50,000 AIDS orphans surviving in Kibera, often cared for by grandparents, over crowded orphanages, or completely unattended. For these and all children in Kibera, schooling is rare and dependant on the ebb and flow of family finances, trapping them in a cycle of poverty.

How lack of toilets, clean water, and drainages affect the community:
Diseases such as malaria, cholera, and typhoid afflict large proportions of Kibera residents, preventing them from working, taking care of themselves and their family, and often result in death. These diseases are caused by a lack of sanitation facilities in the slum, and spread these diseases along a combination of vectors. The following issues most prominently contribute to the spread of these diseases.

Lack of toilet facilities and clean water:
Cholera and Typhoid cases in Kibera are a direct result of a lack of safe toilet facilities. Both Cholera and Typhoid are transmitted through ingestion of feces contaminated with the bacterium. The contamination usually occurs when untreated sewage is released into waterways or into groundwater, affecting the water supply, any foods washed in the water. Both Cholera and Typhoid are very debhilitating, and can last for weeks at a time, and without treatment cause death in between 10 - 50% of infected persons.

How does a lack of safe toilet facilities spread these diseases?
Without access to safe toilet facilities, many Kibera residents are forced to use public areas, most often drainage routes, to relieve themselves. These drainage waste channels are unprotected and it is common for people, especially children, to come in contact with the waste as it travels out of the slum. Once a person has come in contact with the Cholera or Typhoid infected waste, it is unlikely they will be able to wash their hands with clean water before cooking or eating, and therefore the bacteria spreads into their body, and the cycle begins again.

How does a lack of clean water spread these diseases?
As residents of Kibera live in structures without any plumbing facilities, clean water must be accessed from pre-filled water tanks (AKA water points), which are often controlled by landlords, and expensive for residents to use. Since clean water is difficult to obtain, residents are often unable to wash their hands before preparing food or doing other things that can cause diseases to enter their bodies. Also, water from contaminated water sources is sometimes used for cooking or cleaning, and this also spreads disease. A lack of clean water is the second step in the waste-borne diseases problem in Kibera.

The Problem of Slums: Jakarta, Indonesia
Every major city throughout the world has slums, places where the poor people gather to live, Jakarta has many areas and solving the problem without creating American-style ghettos is fast becoming a headache for administrators.
Brilliant JP journalist Anissa S. Febrina explores the problem faced by Jakarta’s administration.

Jakarta looks at the problem of slums
Just across from fancy, Mediterranean-style shop houses in South Jakarta stands a kampong where food vendor Djamhani’s family of five live cramped together in a 6-square-meter room.
Such conditions are so common in Jakarta that people frequently forget the poor living conditions experienced by the 5.4 million people who live in the city’s kampongs and slums.
Saying that Jakarta administration has done nothing to help them is not entirely correct, as a number of kampong improvement projects have been undertaken over the last few years.
But, the rapid growth of the city’s slums has clearly outpaced the administration’s efforts.
Starting next year, the Jakarta administration plans to build more than 13,000 low-cost apartments, in addition to the 20,000 units that have been constructed to date.
Some 3,780 of the new apartments will be built in Marunda, North Jakarta, 1,700 in Rawa Bebek subdistrict, East Jakarta, 2,000 in Semanan, West Jakarta, and another 6,400 in Kedoya, also in West Jakarta.
But, experience teaches us that relocating people from the slums is not an easy task, partly because kampong people are not accustomed to high-rise living - at least not yet.
However, there are many other steps that the administration could take to resolve the Jakarta slum problem.
The State Ministry for Public Housing has been mulling the idea of upgrading the slums through financing support schemes and legalizing the land ownership of the slum dwellers, whom the administration often labels squatters.
A report from the Jakarta Provincial Development Board revealed that around 70 percent of the residences in the city are self-built, of which some 50 percent - those in the slums - are unfit for human habitation.
According to Yusuf Yuniarto, the assistant deputy to the state minister, this was the result of lack of money, lack of access to resources and lack of knowledge about how to build habitable dwellings.
Furthermore, squatters, who mostly work in the informal sector, lack access to formal funding sources.
In the light of these problems, the state ministry has highlighted the need to upscale a microfinance project that was first tried out in Central Java.
The universities could contribute by educating people about proper construction techniques, grassroots institutions, like the mosque-based Baaitul Maal, could help channel the money, while private-sector firms could orientate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs toward provide proper housing for the poor.
Successful kampong upgrading programs initiated by a number of non-governmental organizations can be seen in North Jakarta’s Kampung Muara.
The pigeon-hole houses there look brighter as each homeowner strives to keep the kampong clean and green.
The lack of available space for new housing could also be overcome by indentifying land donated for religious purposes, known locally as tanah wakaf, which has not yet been developed.
While such land is normally used to build mosques or cemeteries, urban planners argue that it should also be used for housing as this is more pressing.
While relocating squatters into blocks of low-cost apartments runs the risk of creating ghettos, letting the poor upgrade their living conditions will allow more room for gradual change.

BUGS: THE NATURAL WAY TO KEEP THEM AT BAY

Adopted from : Botanical.com

Andrea Candee, MH, MSC
Bugs! Do I respect them as part of Nature’s miraculous design…yes. Do I like them…not really. Despite daily intake of supplements reputed to be bug deterrents (i.e. garlic, B vitamins), many of us are still sweet meat for the little critters. Acknowledging the skin’s ability to absorb substances into the bloodstream (modern medicine’s example of this biological fact is the invention of skin patches for delivering pharmaceutical drugs into the body) encourages us to seek out natural alternatives to chemical insect repellants.

Ticks and Lyme Disease
Dogs and cats are often the carriers of Lyme infected ticks. To fully protect one’s self and family from being bitten, the family pet must also be protected. A successful program for preventing any tick from attaching itself to your pet includes garlic powder and brewers yeast sprinkled liberally on their food every day (found in a convenient powdered combination in health food stores) and oil of eucalyptus. The essential oil of eucalyptus, derived from the leaf of the tree, contains naturally occurring chemicals repellent to ticks and fleas. A most effective method is to dip a thin rope into the undiluted oil, wrap it in a bandanna and tie it around your pet’s neck (fashionable, as well). The rope can be refreshed twice a week or more often, if necessary. The oil is quite potent and should not be applied directly to the skin as it may cause irritation. Mixing 1oz oil of eucalyptus into one pint of water in a spray bottle also enables you to spray your pet’s coat on a daily basis. But why save all the good protection for your pets? Before gardening or hiking, scent yourself with “eau de eucalyptus.” The oil/water combination can be sprayed on skin and/or clothing before an outdoor excursion, gardening, or romp in the grass. Eucalyptus diluted in a vegetable oil (e.g. almond, sesame, sunflower) can safely be applied to the skin for longer lasting protection.

Mosquitoes and black fly take wing!
Dilute 1oz essential oil of pennyroyal in 16oz vegetable oil to effectively repel mosquitoes. Keep a vial of this dilution with you when headed for a picnic, swing in the hammock or anywhere mosquitoes hang out. Oil of Pennyroyal has protected campers in the swampiest of areas by directly applying the dilution to exposed areas of skin. (Note: you may have difficulty locating oil of pennyroyal. It can be purchased from the website below.)
Black flies ruining a relaxing day in the park? Check out the surrounding area for aromatic evergreen trees, break off a branch, mash it with a rock and apply to arms and legs. The released essential oils will repel those bothersome bugs. The essential oil of lavender, which CAN be applied directly on the skin, can also repel black flies.

Don’t be the local attraction for stinging insects.
Bees, wasps, and yellow jackets are attracted by sweet smells and bright colors. If you don’t want them to think you are a delectable flower to explore, avoid wearing perfumes and scented hair and body care products, as well as brightly colored clothing. Neutral colors such as tan and white are least likely to attract unwelcome visitors. Cover sugary food and drink at picnic sites.
The easiest, most non-invasive way to remove embedded stingers or body parts of insects (splinters and thorns, too!) is to tape on an over-ripe banana peel (pulp side facing skin), overnight. The enzymes in the banana will painlessly draw to the surface any foreign object.

Stopping the itch and swelling.
If you ventured out into the great outdoors without protection and got bitten or stung, safe, non-chemical solutions can prevail. The oil of a vitamin E capsule punctured with a pin and applied to a bee sting can relieve pain and swelling. A juicy slice of onion rubbed on or taped into place will relieve the itch and swelling of an insect bite.
The common weed, plaintain, when mashed with a rock or chewed to break down its capillary walls (only chew if you are certain it has not been chemically treated) and poulticed (affixed) directly on the affected area, pulls out the toxins of an insect sting or bite and relieves swelling. A paste of baking soda and water or mud and water will calm the area. It all depends upon where you are and what’s available. Usually, what you need is right at hand. You just need to be able to recognize its healing benefits. Keep in mind that more than one application may be necessary so use what is convenient for the moment and follow up a few more times that day with what seems to provide the most comfort.

House moths, the unwelcome guests.
Those bothersome moths moved right into your clothes closets and food pantry without invitation - or did you unwittingly invite them? Residues of odors and stains on clothing attract moths to your closets. Open bags of cereals, grains and flours are comparable to putting out the welcome mat. The easiest way to deal with the food items is to refrigerate them during summer months. Clean clothing before storing. Additional protection can be provided by placing muslin bags in your closets filled with combinations of dried, aromatic herbs and essential oils such as tansy, peppermint, rosemary, eucalyptus, cedar, sage, thyme, cinnamon and clove.

Keeping houseplants bug-free.
Infected houseplants often respond well to a strained spray of water blended with a few fresh cloves of garlic. The eucalyptus/water spray described above can also be applied to houseplants.
In centuries past, aromatic herbs were strewn on the floors of homes to repel insects. Instead, branches of herbs can be hung in doorways, arranged creatively in containers or crumbled into potpourris creating pleasant pest-repellent aromas. Essential oils can waft throughout the home in electric or candle diffusers. Cotton balls infused with essential oils can be strategically placed.
Let us peacefully co-exist with the insect world without polluting ourselves and our fragile environment by using Nature’s bountiful gifts.

Copyright Andrea Candee
All rights reserved

Andrea Candee, MH, MSC, is a master herbalist with a consultation practice in South Salem, NY. She lectures throughout the country for schools and corporate wellness centers about taking charge of your health naturally. Her book, Gentle Healing for Baby and Child (Simon & Schuster), was awarded The Seal of Approval by The National Parenting Center. She may be contacted through her website, www.AndreaCandee.com or by mail at PO Box 171, South Salem, NY 10590.